Dr Nematode-symbiotic bacterial toxin complexes as an alternative larvicidal bioinsecticide agent against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)
Keywords:
Entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus. Photorhabdus, Culex sp., Biocontrol, SDS-PAGEAbstract
Culex species are major vectors for several serious illnesses, where they are responsible for spreading of viral diseases. Gram-negative symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus indica and Photorhabdus luminescens laumondii are linked with nematode parasites that are very dangerous to insect larvae. In the current investigation, anion exchange chromatography was used to partially purify X. indica and P. luminescens laumondii protein toxin complexes, crude and fractions of them were tested for their insecticidal efficacy against Culex pipiens late third-instar larvae, in vitro at varying concentrations. The protein toxin complexes of two bacterial species were analyzed using SDS–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Ten bands with molecular weights from 281 to 27.4 kDa were found in the bound fraction. In comparison, seven bands with molecular weights between 315 and 58 kDa were found in the unbound fraction when analyzing P. luminescens laumondii crude toxin complexes. The molecular weight distribution of a crude X. indica toxin complex showed 16 bands, from 315 to 17 kDa. All nine bands, with molecular weights ranging from 315 to 30 kDa, were found in the bound fraction, whereas only four bands, with molecular weights ranging from 93 to 17 kDa, were found in the unbound fraction. The LC50 values for the crude, unbound, and bound toxin of P. luminescens laumondii were 3142.25, 28.97 and 39.63 mg/L, respectively, whereas those values for X. indica were 256.52, 294.22 and 443.03 mg/L, respectively. The present results also, revealed that P. luminescens (HP88) fractions had a significantly higher larval growth inhibition activity than X. indica (Ab) fractions. In conclusion, this work introduces a largely purified toxin from P. luminescens laumondii that may be used in the management of Culex sp. and, as a result, aid in the integrated pest management (IPM) program for mosquito and subsequently for these viral diseases.
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